Maxillary sinus floor augmentation and simultaneous implant placement using locally harvested autogenous bone chips and bone debris: a prospective clinical study.

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the status of implants, marginal bone loss, and outcome of maxillary sinus floor augmentation in patients undergoing maxillary sinus lift and simultaneous implant placement with the use of bone grafts harvested adjacent to the actual surgical site. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients in need of maxillary sinus floor augmentation to enable implant placement were enrolled in 2 different groups. In group A, a "bone trap" was used to harvest bone debris during implant preparation with additional bone collected by further drilling adjacent to the implant sites. In group B, a "bone scraper" was used to harvest cortical bone chips from the zygomatic buttress and from the lateral sinus wall before opening of a bony window. All patients were provided a fixed partial denture after a healing period of 3 to 6 months. A total of 61 patients with 81 Straumann implants (Institut Straumann AG, Basel, Switzerland) were assessed, with 17 patients (20 implants) in group A and 44 patients (61 implants) in group B. RESULTS One implant was lost (in group B) before loading. The survival rate after a follow-up of 12 to 60 months was 98.8%. There was no significant difference in marginal bone loss on the mesial and distal sides of the implant when baseline to 1-year registration was compared with baseline to final registration. During the same time, graft height decreased significantly on the distal apical side of the implants. CONCLUSIONS Bone grafts can be locally harvested at the site of the maxillary sinus augmentation procedure to enable placement, successful healing, and loading of 1 to 3 implants.